← muscleledger

Every claim MuscleLedger has researched, numbered in the order it joined the ledger. The evidence column shows the headline figure behind each row; how scores are set is on the methodology page.

ROWCLAIMEVIDENCESTATUS

001Peptides for muscle growth: the evidence ledger11 rows scoredPUBLISHED

002Best peptides for muscle growth, ranked by evidenceranked 1–5PUBLISHED

003Do peptides show up on a drug test? What each test looks for3 tests, sourcedPUBLISHED

004The Wolverine stack (BPC-157 + TB-500): what exists in humans0 trialsPUBLISHED

005Peptides for recovery: what the research actually shows11 human recordsPUBLISHED

006Women & peptides: the research gap nobody talks about36% of subjectsPUBLISHED

007Creatine vs the new wave: where the proof still wins2,788 vs 0PUBLISHED

008Cognitive claims: nootropic peptides, GLP-1s and gym focus7 rows scoredPUBLISHED

009Muscle growth and fat loss: what recomposition data exists2 kg each wayPUBLISHED

010Oral peptides: what “oral” costs at the gut wall0.4–1% absorbedPUBLISHED

011MK-677 (ibutamoren): what the human trials measured18 RCTs, 1 negativePUBLISHED

012Growth hormone secretagogues: the class, and what it was tested for0 muscle endpointsPUBLISHED

013Ipamorelin: three registrations, none about muscle3 trialsPUBLISHED

014CJC-1295: one registration, terminated and never reported1 trialPUBLISHED

015SS-31 (elamipretide): an approved drug, for one rare diseaseFDA approved 2025PUBLISHED

016Peptides vs steroids: the comparison nobody has run6.1 kg vs no trialPUBLISHED

017Peptides for joint pain: one human study, and it is a phone survey16 patients, no controlPUBLISHED

018Are peptides legal for athletes? Three rulebooks, three answers3 rulebooksPUBLISHED

019Sleep and recovery: the intervention with the muscle endpoints1.53 → 1.24%/dayPUBLISHED

020Peptides for endurance: a category built on sedentary mice1 paper, 2008PUBLISHED

021Tesamorelin: the approved one, and the class ceiling it sets+1.42 kg, I² = 0%PUBLISHED

022Sermorelin: two FDA approvals, both discontinued27 trials, mostly diagnosticPUBLISHED

023IGF-1 LR3: zero registrations, and a literature about livestock0 trialsPUBLISHED

024The creatine loading phase: a shortcut, not a requirement20% either wayPUBLISHED

025Creatine and hair loss: one study, and it measured no hair20 players, 0 folliclesPUBLISHED

026Creatine monohydrate vs HCl: three trials, two disagree3 trials totalPUBLISHED

027Creatine for women: how many trials enrolled any5.5 to 1PUBLISHED

028Creatine side effects: the controlled record and the reports685 trials, 49 effectsPUBLISHED

029GHRP-6: no registration, and a literature about its antagonist0 trials, 37% antagonistPUBLISHED

030Peptides vs SARMs: the class that did run the phase III trial651 patients, 2 endpointsPUBLISHED

031Peptides for fat loss: counting the catalogue against the registry32 vs 749PUBLISHED

032Creatine bloating: the water was measured, compartment by compartmentdistribution unchangedPUBLISHED

033Creatine timing: the famous study found no significant difference3 trials, 0 effectsPUBLISHED

034Creatine Gummies: One Trial, One Lab Test, and a Brand That Appears in BothPUBLISHED

035Collagen Peptides for Muscle Growth: A Contradiction the Field Has Not ResolvedPUBLISHED

036Collagen Peptides for Muscle Recovery: Who Ran the Trials That WorkedPUBLISHED

037Collagen vs Whey Protein: The Rule That Says One of Them Barely CountsPUBLISHED

038Creatine and the Kidneys: What Happens When Researchers Stop Estimating and MeasurePUBLISHED

039Creatine While Cutting: Two Trials, Opposite Answers, and a Problem With the ScalePUBLISHED

040PT-141: An Approved Drug Whose Label Says It Is Not for Performance, Sold Beside the SteroidsPUBLISHED

041Creatine Benefits, Graded by Endpoint — Including the One a Regulator RefusedPUBLISHED

042Does Creatine Make You Gain Weight? Two Measuring Methods Give Different AnswersPUBLISHED

043How Much Creatine: Three Different Numbers Are in Circulation, and They Came From Different PlacesPUBLISHED

044What Creatine Is, and Why the Size of the Muscle Store Predicts the ResultsPUBLISHED

045Creatine in Bloodwork: Three Similarly Named Things, and Only One Is the SupplementPUBLISHED

046Creapure Explained: What the Trademark Covers, What the Maker Claims, and What Can Be CheckedPUBLISHED

047Creatine and Collagen Peptides: In Every Trial That Used Both, They Were on Opposite ArmsPUBLISHED

048Creatine Pills vs Powder: What 83 Capsule and Tablet Labels Say About the ArithmeticPUBLISHED

049Does Creatine Help With Weight Loss? Body Fat Percentage Falls, Fat Mass Mostly Does NotPUBLISHED

050Micronized Creatine: What Grinding the Powder Changes, and the Two Trials Behind the ClaimsPUBLISHED

051Creatine and HMB: Five Trials, About 144 People, and Who Ran ThemPUBLISHED

052Creatine Before and After: What the Registered Trial Record Actually ShowsPUBLISHED

053Creatine HCl: What the Salt Is, and How Much Creatine a 750 mg Serving Actually ContainsPUBLISHED

054Peptide Therapy: What the Phrase Denotes, and the Three Gates a Compounded Peptide Has to PassPUBLISHED

055Peptides for Men: The Male Endpoints No Trial RegisteredPUBLISHED

056CJC-1295 and Ipamorelin: Ten Papers Mention Both, and None Is a Study of the PairPUBLISHED

057Creatine and Alcohol: A Census of What Nobody Has StudiedPUBLISHED

058Creatine and the Brain: Four Claims, Traced to Their Own EvidencePUBLISHED

059Creatine and Caffeine: The Interference Finding Came From One LaboratoryPUBLISHED

060Is Creatine Bad for You? The Largest Long-Term Trial Posted Its Safety TablesPUBLISHED

061GHRP-2 Has 43 Randomised Trials. Thirty-Nine Share One Author, and None Measured MusclePUBLISHED

062Creatine and Breastfeeding: Milk Levels Have Never Been Measured After a DosePUBLISHED

063Creatine, Diabetes, Blood Pressure and Cancer: Counting What ExistsPUBLISHED

064Creatine in Pregnancy: No Trial Has Given It to a Pregnant WomanPUBLISHED

065Creatine vs Protein Powder: Only Three Trials Ran the ComparisonPUBLISHED

066The Best Peptide Stack, Ranked by Evidence: One Combination Has Ever Been Tested, and It Was in RatsPUBLISHED

067Creatine and Sleep: Two Different Questions Share One Search, and Only One Has TrialsPUBLISHED

068Creatine and Testosterone: Four Trials Measured It, and None Found a RisePUBLISHED

069Creatine for Teens: Seven Randomised Trials, and Only One Was Built to Ask About SafetyPUBLISHED

070WADA Status by Compound: Where Each Performance Peptide Sits on the 2026 Prohibited ListPUBLISHED

071MOTS-c: The Exercise Mimetic Has Never Been Given to a Human in a Published StudyPUBLISHED

072Creatine for Vegetarians and Vegans: Lower Stores, Bigger Rises, and the Capsule ProblemPUBLISHED

073Does Creatine Expire? The Stability Data, and What the Date on the Tub MeansPUBLISHED

074How Long Does Creatine Take to Work? What Each Trial Measured, Day by DayPUBLISHED

075Protein for Muscle Recovery: What the Trials Measured — Strength, Soreness and Blood MarkersPUBLISHED

076Thorne Creatine: What the Label States, What NSF's Register Shows, and What Neither SaysPUBLISHED

077Follistatin: Every Human Muscle Result Came From Gene Therapy, Not From a VialPUBLISHED

078Kisspeptin for Men: A Testosterone Signal in Short Pulses, a Castration Drug When Held OnPUBLISHED

079Is Creatine a Steroid? The Chemistry, the Law and the Sports Lists, Side by SidePUBLISHED

080Types of Creatine: Every Form on the Shelf, How Much Creatine Each Contains, and the Trials That Compared ThemPUBLISHED

081Optimum Nutrition Creatine: Five Formats, One 5 g Dose, and a Certification That Is Not NSF'sPUBLISHED

082Gonadorelin: Two Discontinued US Drugs, a Pump That Restores Fertility, and No Muscle DataPUBLISHED

083TB-500 for Athletes: A Seven-Residue Fragment With No Human Study, and the Ban That Cost 34 Footballers a SeasonPUBLISHED

084How Much Collagen Per Day: The Trial Doses by Goal, and What 212 Labels Actually Put in a ScoopPUBLISHED

085Stopping Creatine: What the Washout Studies Measured, Week by WeekPUBLISHED

086Nutricost Creatine: Eight Products, a Label That Changed, and an NSF Facility That Is Not NSF CertificationPUBLISHED

087Foods High in Creatine: What the Measurements Show, and Why No Food Label Lists ItPUBLISHED

088Ipamorelin vs Sermorelin: Two Different Receptors, One Former Drug, and No Trial Comparing ThemPUBLISHED

089Kre-Alkalyn: One Biopsy Trial, an Expired Patent, and Labels That Now Direct Up to 6 g a DayPUBLISHED

090Tesamorelin vs Ipamorelin: an Approved Drug With a Lean-Mass Number Against a Compound With NeitherPUBLISHED

091Momentous Creatine: It Dropped Creapure, Kept NSF, and Now Tests to a Specification It Does Not PublishPUBLISHED

092SLU-PP-332: The "Exercise Pill" Has Only Ever Been Tested in Mice and CellsPUBLISHED

093Creatine Brands, Read From Their Labels: Eighteen Brands, and Only One Product Line Names Its CreatinePUBLISHED

094Does Creatine Break a Fast? Measured: Insulin Did Not Move, and Nobody Has Tested It During a FastPUBLISHED

095Tesamorelin vs Sermorelin: Two Approvals for Two Different Jobs, and No Trial Comparing ThemPUBLISHED

096Orgain Creatine: A 2025 Label That Says Four Scoops a Day, a Store That Says One, and a Certification Claim This Page Could Not CheckPUBLISHED

097Collagen Side Effects: What the Trials Recorded, the Kidney-Stone Mechanism, and an FDA Signal That Turns Out to Be ShampooPUBLISHED

0985-Amino-1MQ and Muscle: Two Mouse Studies, One Injured Leg Each, and No Person YetPUBLISHED

099BPC-157 in Sport: Named on WADA's List, Three USADA Cases, and a Urine Test Built From Confiscated VialsPUBLISHED

100What to Mix Creatine With: Water Temperature, Acidity and the Two Trials Behind the Protein-Shake AdvicePUBLISHED

101Collagen Peptides Benefits, Endpoint by Endpoint: What Was Measured, Against What, and by WhomPUBLISHED

102AICAR in Sport: An 'Exercise Pill' the Body Already Makes, a 3,080-Patient Trial That Failed, and a Test That Reads Carbon AtomsPUBLISHED

103AOD-9604 in Sport: Named Under WADA S2, Six Sponsor Trials That Never Used a Syringe, and a Test Built for ItPUBLISHED

104MGF (Mechano Growth Factor) in Sport: Named Under WADA S2.3, Never Tested in a Human, and Two Drug Companies Could Not Reproduce ItPUBLISHED

105Creatine for Muscle Growth: Tracer Studies Found No Direct Effect on Protein Building, So Where Does the Muscle Come From?PUBLISHED

106Bloom Creatine: Two Labels Read From the Brand's Own Images, a "Third Party Tested" Line That Names No One, and a Women's-Stores Figure Traced to Its SourcePUBLISHED

107Costco Creatine: Six Products on costco.com, No Kirkland Version, and a 15-Fold Spread in What a Gram of Creatine CostsPUBLISHED

108Naked Creatine: One Ingredient, an NSF Listing That Is Not the Sport One, and a Loading Direction Half Again the Trial AmountPUBLISHED

109Collagen for Men: Thirteen Male-Only Trials, Five Head-to-Heads With Milk Protein, and Five Industry Ties in the RecordPUBLISHED

110Creatine and Diarrhoea: One Trial Split the Dose, and the Single 10 g Serving Was the ProblemPUBLISHED

111Transparent Labs Creatine: The Only Creatine in the Store Is a Blend, and One Scoop Holds Half the HMB the Trials UsedPUBLISHED

112Creatine for Older Adults: Small Gains With Resistance Training, None Without It, and Two Two-Year Bone Trials That Found No Density ChangePUBLISHED

113Creatine and Headaches: More Studies Mention Them, Fewer People Report Them, and No Trial Has Asked DirectlyPUBLISHED

114Does Creatine Show Up on a Drug Test? It Is on No Panel, but Every Urine Test Measures CreatininePUBLISHED

115NSF-Certified Creatine: Two Different NSF Programmes, 184 Creatine Listings, and Why the Lot Number Is the Part That CountsPUBLISHED

116Bone Broth Collagen: How Much a Cup Actually Delivers, Measured Against the Collagen TrialsPUBLISHED

117Does Creatine Cause Acne? No Trial Has Looked, and the Supplement Next to It Has the RecordPUBLISHED

118Does Creatine Give You Energy? Three Meanings of the Word, and Only One Has Strong DataPUBLISHED

119Does Creatine Cause Constipation? The Trials Count Stomach Trouble, Not BlockagePUBLISHED

120Foods High in Collagen: What Has Been Measured, and How Much Food Matches a Trial DosePUBLISHED

121Collagen Pills vs Powder: The Capsule Count Behind a Trial-Sized ServingPUBLISHED

122Creatine for Recovery: Three Meta-Analyses Read the Same Trials Three WaysPUBLISHED

123Grass-Fed Collagen: What the Claim Means on a Supplement Label, and Who Checks ItPUBLISHED

124How to Take Creatine: What 107 Label Directions Say, Next to What the Trials DidPUBLISHED

125Liquid Collagen: What 51 Shot and Bottle Labels Hold, and the Joint Trial That Used a LiquidPUBLISHED

126Collagen for Joints: The Trials in Active People and in Osteoarthritis, Who Funded Them, and What Labels CarryPUBLISHED

127Creatine in Coffee: What Heat Does to It, How Much Dissolves, and the Caffeine TrialsPUBLISHED

128How Is Creatine Made? The Factory Route, the Body's Own Synthesis, and What "Natural" and "Organic" Mean on a TubPUBLISHED

129Types of Collagen: I, II, III, V and X on a Label, What Each Means, and What 134 Multi-Collagen Labels DisclosePUBLISHED

130Vegan Collagen: What 48 "Collagen" Labels Without Animal Collagen Contain, and the Lab-Made Collagen FDA ReviewedPUBLISHED

131Collagen and Weight Loss: Six Human Trials, Two Satiety Studies and the Calories in a ScoopPUBLISHED

132Collagen in Coffee: What Heat Can and Cannot Do to Collagen PeptidesPUBLISHED

133Creatine and Blood Pressure: Every Trial That Measured It, and the One Group Never TestedPUBLISHED

134Creatine and Dehydration: Peeing, Thirst, Sweat and Cramps, Against the TrialsPUBLISHED

135Flavored vs Unflavored Creatine: What 201 US Labels Add to the ScoopPUBLISHED

136Best Time to Take Collagen: Every Timing in the Trials, and the Comparison Nobody Has RunPUBLISHED

137Creatine Face: No Study Has Measured a Face, and What the Body-Water Trials Did MeasurePUBLISHED

138Creatine vs Pre-Workout: What 145 Pre-Workout Labels Put in a Scoop, and What the Trials TestedPUBLISHED

139Is Creatine FDA Approved? What the Law Says, What FDA Reviewed in 2020, and What the Labels ClaimPUBLISHED

140Liquid Creatine: The Lab Assay That Found Under 10 mg in a 2.5 g Dose, and What Liquid Labels List TodayPUBLISHED

141Creatine Kinase: What a High CK Means After Training, and Why It Is Not CreatinePUBLISHED

142Creatine on a Plane: What TSA's Powder Rule Says, and How Many Creatine Tubs Are Over ItPUBLISHED

143Creatine Transporter Deficiency: The Condition Where Taking Creatine Does Not Get It Into the BrainPUBLISHED

144Does Creatine Have Calories? What 384 Labels Declare, and Why Two Brands Count It as FoodPUBLISHED

145Does Creatine Make You Look Bigger? Three Scans After a Week Disagree, and No Study Has Measured a GlutePUBLISHED

146Collagen and Vitamin C: Why the Trials Put Vitamin C in Every Arm, and What Labels AddPUBLISHED

147Creatine and Anxiety: Three Small Open Studies, No Anxiety Trial, and Ten Reports to the FDAPUBLISHED

148Does Creatine Affect Appetite? One Trial Measured It Directly, and It Found NothingPUBLISHED

149Creatine and Menopause: Muscle and Bone Trials, One Small Symptom Trial, and No Hot-Flash DataPUBLISHED

150Dry Scooping Creatine: What 218 Labels Say, What Absorption Studies Found, and the Case ReportsPUBLISHED

151Create Creatine Gummies: 4.5 g on the Printed Panel, 5 g on the Product Page, and an NSF Listing for Both RecipesPUBLISHED

152Wellah Creatine: A 3 g Scoop, a Urinary-Tract Blend at Trace Amounts, and No Certifier on RecordPUBLISHED

153Creatine and ADHD: 78 Papers, No Trial, and an Interaction No Stimulant Label MentionsPUBLISHED

154Creatine Rash and Itching: 20 FDA Reports, No Published Case, and the Ingredient That Usually TinglesPUBLISHED

155Muscle Protein Synthesis: What the Tracer Studies Measured — Timing, Protein Amounts, and Why the First Week MisleadsPUBLISHED

156OMNI Creatine Gummies: 3 g a Serving on the Panel, and a Science Table Built on Trials That Used MorePUBLISHED

157RAW Creatine: 5 g a Scoop on Every Panel, an Informed Sport Badge With NSF's Words Under It, and 8 Cents a GramPUBLISHED

158Collagen for Bones: Four Trials in Women, Two of Them on One Branded Ingredient, and No Fracture DataPUBLISHED

159Collagen for Women: Eleven Women-Only Trials, Mostly Bone and Muscle, and None in PregnancyPUBLISHED

160Does Creatine Cause Kidney Stones? The One Long Trial That Counted Them Found 2 on Creatine and 6 on PlaceboPUBLISHED

1611st Phorm Creatine: One Product, 5 g a Scoop, an NSF Listing, and a 120-Ounce Water Instruction Nobody Has TestedPUBLISHED

162BulkSupplements Creatine: 5 g in Two Teaspoons, Two Store Listings at Different Prices, and a Maintenance Line That Disagrees With Its Own PicturePUBLISHED

163Creatine for Runners: Thirteen Endurance Trials Pooled to Nothing, a Slower 6 km, and Faster Sprint FinishesPUBLISHED

164How Long Does Collagen Take to Work? Hours for a Blood Marker, 12 Weeks for Muscle and Knees, a Year for BonePUBLISHED

165How Much Does Creatine Cost? 1 Cent to 74 Cents a Gram, Priced From Ten Brands' Own Stores on One DayPUBLISHED

166Animal Creatine: Five Products, NSF Contents Listings, a Capsule Serving That Differs From NSF's, and a 270 g v 327 g TubPUBLISHED

167Jocko Creatine: 5 g and Nothing Else, a Newer Creatine+ With ATP and a Lead Warning, and No Named LabPUBLISHED

168Creatine and Heart Health: Cholesterol, Heart Rate and the Largest Trial's 48 v 38 Cardiac EventsPUBLISHED

169Creatine and Libido: No Trial Has Measured Sex Drive, and Three Registered Studies Are Only Now AskingPUBLISHED

170Creatine and Medications: What Is Known, Drug Class by Drug Class — and Why FDA Labels Say NothingPUBLISHED

171Mindbodygreen Creatine: Six Products, Every One 5 g Except the Electrolyte Stick, and Lab Results That Report Creatine Above the LabelPUBLISHED

172NativePath Native Creatine: 5 g of Creatine With Leucine and Carnitine, Two Different Leucine Figures, and a Price That Depends on the PagePUBLISHED

173Creatine and Diabetes: One Trial in Type 2 Diabetes, a Meta-Analysis That Found No Effect on Fasting Glucose, and Nothing in Type 1PUBLISHED

174Creatine Pros and Cons: Each Claim Graded by the Evidence Behind It, With the Myths Separated From the Real DownsidesPUBLISHED

175Third-Party Tested Creatine: Seven Programmes Compared, and Why Creapure Is Not One of ThemPUBLISHED